European Timeline

Europe

European History Timeline

Dates are B.C.E. unless noted * mya=million years ago c.2000 Minoan worship of the Mother Goddess

c.2000 Extensive commerce between Egypt and Crete c.2000-1500 Height of Minoan Civilization c.1600-1200 Mycenaean civilization on mainland Greece c.1500-800 Dark Ages of Greek history c.1500-1400 Mycenaean dominance on Crete c.1400 Destruction of Knossos and end of Minoan Civilization c.1250 Trojan War c.1200-1100 Collapse of Mycenaean civilization in Greece c.800 Beginning of city-states in Greece c.750-600 Concentration of landed wealth in Greece c.750-600 Greek overseas expansion c.753 Rome founded c.750 The Iliad and The Odyssey c.700 Earliest Greek settlement in Egypt's Nile delta c.650 Shift from cavalry to infantry in Greece c.650-500 Doric architectural style c.600 Invention of coinage by Lydians c.600 Thales of Miletus 594 Reforms of Solon in Athens c.530 Pythagoras 525-456 Aeschylus 508 Reforms of Cleisthenes in Athens c.500-432 Phidias c.500-400 Ionic architectural style c.500 Establishment of Roman Republic c.500 Orphic and Eleusinian mystery cults 496-406 Sophocles c.490-420 Protagoras 490-479 Greco-Persian War 487-429 Perfection of Athenian democracy c.484-420 Herodotus c.480-406 Euripides 478-404 Delian League c.471-400 Thucydides 469-399 Socrates c.460 The Parthenon 460-c.377 Hippocrates c.460-362 Democritus c.450 Law of the Twelve Tables, Rome c.450-400 The Sophists c.448-380 Aristophanes 431-404 Peloponnesian War 429-347 Plato c.400-300 Corinthian style architecture 384-322 Aristotle c.370-310 Praxiteles 342-270 Epicurus 338 Macedonian conquest of Greece 334-323 Conquests of Alexander the Great 323 Death of Alexander, division of his empire c.323-285 Euclid c.320-250 Zeno the Stoic 310-230 Aristarchus c.300-100 Hellenistic international trade 264-146 Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage c.287-212 Archimedes c.276-195 Eratosthenes c.250-100 Growth of slavery, decline of small farmer in Rome c.250-50 Oriental mystery cults in Rome c.220-150 Herophilus c.205-118 Polybius c.200 The Skeptics c.183-145 Greek Invasion of India 146 Destruction of Carthage by Rome c.146-60 Introduction of Greek philosophy to Rome 133-121 Reforms of the Gracchi brothers in Rome 106-43 Cicero 98-55 Lucretius 70-19 Virgil 65-8 Horace 59B.C.E.-17C.E. Livy 46-44 Dictatorship of Caesar in Rome 43B.C.E.-17C.E. Ovid 27B.C.E.-14C.E. Principate of Augustus Caesar in Rome

END B.C.E. BEGIN C.E. 27B.C.E.-14C.E. Principate of Augustus Caesar in Rome 34-65 Seneca 55-117 Tacitus 61. Treaty of Samos between Rome and Kush c.80 The Colosseum 96-180 The "Good Emporers" in Rome c.120 The Pantheon c.120-250 Height of Roman portrait statuary 121-180 Marcus Aurelius 130-c.200 Galen 200 Completion of Roman jurisprudence by great jurists c.204-270 Plotonius 235-284 Civil war in the Roman empire 284-305 Diocletian 306-337 Constantine I 311 Beginning of toleration of Christians in Roman Empire 354-430 St. Augustine 379-395 Theodosius I 380 Christianity becomes the official Roman religion 410 Visigoths sack Rome 476 Deposition of last western Roman emporer c.480-524 Boethius 493-526 Theodoric the Ostrogoth king of Italy c.500-700 Decline of towns and trade in the west c.520 Benedictine monastic rule 527-565 Justinian 532-537 Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia c.550 Corpus of Roman law 590-604 Pope Gregory I 610-641 Byzantine Emperor Heraclius 630 Muhammad enters Mecca in triumph c.700-1050 Predominantly agrarian economy in the West 711 Muslims conquer Spain c.715-754 Missionary work of St. Boniface in Germany 717 Muslims unsuccessfully attack Constantinople 726-843 Iconoclastic controversy in Byzantine Empire 735 Death of the Venerable Bede c.750 Beowulf c.750 Book of Kells (Ireland) 751 Pepin the Short annointed king of the Franks 768-814 Charlemagne c.800-1000 Height of Byzantine commerce and industry c.800-850 Carolingian Renaissance 800 Charlemagne crowned emperor c.850-911 Carolingian Empire distintegrates 871-899 Alfred the Great of England c.880-911 High point of Viking raids in Europe 910 Foundation of Cluny 936-973 Otto the Great of Germany c.950 Foundation of the Kievan state c.988 Byzantine conversion of Russia to Christianity c.1000-1200 Romanesque style in architecture and art c.1025-1100 Destruction of Byzantine free peasantry 1046 Beginning of Reform Papacy c.1050-1300 Agricultural advance, revival of towns and trade in the West 1054 Beginning of Schism between Roman and Eastern Orthodox Churches 1054 Beginning of Schism between Roman and Eastern Orthodox Churches 1066 Norman conquest of England 1071 Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantines at Battle of Manzikert 1073-1085 Pope Gregory VII 1077 Penance of Henry IV at Canossa 1090-1153 St. Bernard of Clairvaux 1095-1099 First Crusade c.1095 Song of Roland c.1100-1300 Origins of universities in the West c.1100-1220 Troubadour poetry 1100-1135 Henry I of England 1108-1137 Louis VI of France c.1115-1153 Height of Cistercian monasticism 1122 Concordat of Worms ends investiture struggle c.1140-1260 Translation of Aristotle's works into Latin c.1150-1500 Gothic style in architecture and art 1152-1190 Frederick I (Barbarossa) of Germany 1154-1189 Henry II of England c.1155-1157 Peter Lombard's Sentences c.1165-1190 Poetry of Chrétien de Troyes c.1168-1253 Robert Grosseteste 1180-1223 Philip Augustus of France c.1180 Windmill invented 1187 Crusaders lose Jerusalem to Saladin 1198-1216 Pope Innocent III 1198 Death of Averroës 1204 Crusaders sack Constantinople 1204 Death of Maimonides 1208-1213 Albigensian Crusade 1210 Founding of Franciscan Order 1212 Spanish victory over Muslims at Las Navas de Tolosa 1212-1250 Frederick II of Germany and Sicily c.1214-1294 Francis Bacon 1215 Magna Carta 1215 Fourth Latern Council 1216 Founding of Dominican Order 1225-1274 St. Thomas Aquinas 1226-1270 Louis IX (St. Louis) of France c.1250-1277 Height of Scholasticism c.1270 Romance of the Rose 1272-1307 Edward I of England 1285-1349 William of Ockham 1285-1314 Philip IV (the Fair) of France c.1290 Mechanical clock invented 1291 Fall of last Christian outposts in the Holy Land 1294-1303 Pope Boniface VII c.1300-1327 Period of Master Eckhart's activity c.1300-1450 European economic depression 1305-1378 Babylonian captivity of papacy c.1305-1337 Paintings of Giotto c.1310 Dante's Divine Comedy 1315 Floods throughout western Europe c.1320-1500 height of nominalism c.1330-1384 John Wyclif 1337-1453 Hundred Years War 1347-1350 Black Death c.1350-1450 Height of Hanseatic League c.1350-1450 Political chaos in Germany c.1350 Boccaccio's Decameron 1378-1417 The Great Schism of the papacy 1381 English peasant's revolt c.1390 Chaucer's Canterbury Tales 1397-1494 Medici Bank 1400-1441 Paintings of Jan van Eyck c.1408-1415 Jon Hus preaches in Bohemia 1414-1417 Council of Constance 1420-1434 Hussite Revolt c.1427 Imitation of Christ 1429-1431 Appearance of Joan of Arc 1431-1449 Council of Basel, defeat of conciliarism c.1450-1500 Rise of princes in Germany c.1450 Printing with movable type c.1453-1513 Reassertion of royal power in France 1453 Heavy artillery (cannons) helps Turks capture Constantinople and end Hundred Years War 1454-1485 Peace among Northern Italian states 1455-1485 War of the Roses in England 1462-1505 Ivan III lays foundation for Russian Empire 1469 Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella 1485-1603 Strong Tudor dynasty in England