1897

1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar).

Events

File:Klondike mining camp.jpg

A typical gold mining operation, on Bonanza Creek

• January 1 - Brooklyn, New York merges with New York City.
• January 4 - A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the Oba of Benin. This leads to a Punitive Expedition against Benin.
• February 2 - Harrisburg, the Pennsylvania state capitol, is destroyed by fire.
• February 18- Benin is put to the torch by the Punitive Expedition.
• March 4 - William McKinley succeeds Grover Cleveland as President of the United States.
• March 13 - San Diego State University founded.
• April 5 - "Ordinance of April 5," equalizing German and Czech in Bohemia, signed in Austria-Hungary (see Kasimir Felix Graf Badeni).
• April 27 - Grant's Tomb is dedicated.
• May 19 - Oscar Wilde is released from prison.
• June 2 - Mark Twain, responding to rumors that he was dead, is quoted by the New York Journal as saying, "The report of my death was an exaggeration."
• July 11 - S. A. Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897 begins. The ill-fated expedition to fly over the arctic results in the death of the entire team within months.
• July 17 - Klondike Gold Rush begins when first successful prospectors arrive in Seattle.
• July 25 - Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he will write his first successful stories.
• July 31 - First ascent of Mount Saint Elias, second highest peak in the United States and Canada.
• August 29 - First Zionist Congress convenes in Basel, Switzerland.
• September 1 - The Boston subway opens, becoming the first underground metro in North America.
• September 10 - In the Lattimer Massacre, a sheriff's posse killes more than nineteen unarmed immigrant miners in Pennsylvania.
• September 11 - After months of searching, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom.
• December 9 - First issue of the feminist newspaper La Fronde is published by Marguerite Durand.
• December 28 - The play Cyrano de Bergerac, by Edmond Rostand, premieres in Paris.
• December 30 - Natal annexes Zululand.

• Queen Victoria celebrates her Diamond Jubilee.
• France allows women to study at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts.
• First use of the word computer meaning an electronic calculation device.
• Coseley Urban District Council formed
• Dos Equis first brewed in anticipation of new century
• J. J. Thomson discovers the electron as a subatomic particle

Births

January-March

• January 3 - Marion Davies, American actress (d. 1961)
• January 23 - Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Austrian architect and anti-Nazi activist (d. 2000)
• January 23 - Netaji Subash chandra Bose, Indian freedom fighter (d. ?)
• January 28 - Ivan Stedeford, British Industrialist (d. 1975)
• February 4 - Ludwig Erhard, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1977)
• February 7 - Quincy Porter, American composer (d. 1966)
• February 10 - John F. Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
• February 10 - Dame Judith Anderson, Australian actress (d. 1992)
• February 21 - Sean Heuston, Irish rebel (d. 1916)
• February 27 - Marian Anderson, American contralto (d. 1993)
• March 1 - Shoghi Effendi, Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1957)
• March 4 - Lefty O'Doul, baseball player and restaurateur (d. 1969)
• March 5 - Set Persson, Swedish communist politician (d. 1960)
• March 15 - Jackson Scholz, American sprinter (d. 1986)
• March 20 - Ruby Muhammad, African Americans' rights activists
• March 24 - Wilhelm Reich, Austrian psychotherapist (d. 1957)
• March 27 - Gloria Swanson, American actress (d. 1983)
• March 28 - Sepp Herberger, German football coach (d. 1977)

April-June

• April 1 - Nita Naldi, American film actress (d. 1961)
• April 7 - Walter Winchell, American broadcast journalist (d. 1972)
• April 9 - John B. Gambling, American radio talk-show host (d. 1974)
• April 19 - Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman (d. 1970)
• April 19 - Constance Talmadge, American actress (d. 1973)
• April 23 - Lester B. Pearson, Prime Minister of Canada, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1972)
• April 25 - Mary, Princess Royal of England (d. 1965)
• April 26 - Douglas Sirk, German-born director (d. 1987)
• April 26 - Eddie Eagan, American boxer and bobsledder (d. 1967)
• May 2 - J. Fred Coots, American songwriter (d. 1985)
• May 14 - Sidney Bechet, American musician (d. 1959)
• May 17 - Odd Hassel, Norwegian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
• May 18 - Frank Capra, American producer, director, and writer (d. 1991)
• May 19 - Frank Luke, American World War I pilot (d. 1918)
• May 21 - Nikola Avramov, Bulgarian painter (d. 1945)
• May 27 - John Cockcroft, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
• May 29 - Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Austrian composer (d. 1957)
• June 7 - George Szell, Hungarian conductor (d. 1970)
• June 10 - Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia (d. 1918)
• June 13 - Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (d. 1973)
• June 16 - Georg Wittig, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
• June 19 - Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
• June 19 - Moe Howard, American comedian and actor, Three Stooges member (d. 1975)

July-September

• July 20 - Tadeus Reichstein, Polish-born chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1996)
• July 24 - Amelia Earhart, American aviator (d. 1937 - presumed)
• July 29 - Sir Neil Ritchie, British general (d. 1983)
• August 2 - Max Weber, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1974)
• August 5 - Aksel Larsen, Danish politician (d. 1972)
• August 28 - Charles Boyer, French actor (d. 1978)
• September 1 - Andy Kennedy, Northern Irish footballer (d. 1963)
• September 8 - Jimmie Rodgers, American singer (d. 1933)
• September 12 - Irene Joliot-Curie, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1956)
• September 17 - Earl Webb, baseball player (d. 1965)
• September 23 - Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (d. 1984)
• September 25 - William Faulkner, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
• September 26 - Pope Paul VI (d. 1978)
• September 26 - Arthur Rhys Davids, English pilot (d. 1917)

October-December

• October 3 - Louis Aragon, French author (d. 1982)
• October 15 - Johannes Sikkar, Estonian statesman (d. 1960)
• October 20 - Yi, Eun, Korean Crown Prince (d. 1970)
• October 29 - Joseph Goebbels, German Nazi propagandist (d. 1945)
• November 9 - Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1978)
• November 15 - Sacheverell Sitwell, English author (d. 1988)
• November 17 - Frank Fay, American actor and first husband of Barbara Stanwyck (d. 1961)
• November 18 - Patrick Blackett, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
• November 23 - Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Bengali author (d. 1999)
• December 18 - Fletcher Henderson, American musician (d. 1952)
• December 30 - Alfredo Bracchi, Italian author (d. 1976)

Deaths

• February 4 - Major Charles Bendire, U.S. Army captain and ornithologist (b. 1836)
• February 19 - Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician (b. 1815
• March 19 - Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, Irish-born traveler (b. 1810)
• April 3 - Johannes Brahms, German composer (b. 1833)
• September 9 - Richard Holt Hutton, English writer and theologian (b. 1826)
• September 21 - Wilhelm Wattenbach, German historian (b. 1819)
• October 29 - Henry George, American economist (b. 1839)
• November 19 - William Seymour Tyler, American educator and historian (b. 1810)
• November 20 - Ernest Giles, Australian explorer (b. 1835)
• December 17 - Alphonse Daudet, French writer (b. 1840)
• Jang Seung-eop, Korean painter (b. 1843)