1913

The first telephone service in India begins in Simla; the first carrier system is between Delhi and Agra in 1930. The militant Ghadar Movement, calling for the violent overthrow of the British rule, is started by US-based Indians in San Francisco. Pherozeshah Mehta starts the Bombay Chronicle. Jaladhar Sen and Amulyacharan VIdyabhushan start the popular Bengali literary monthly Bharatbhasha;early essays on film include Pramathanath Bhattacharya's 'Bioscope' in the inaugral issue and Narendra Dev's 'Chhayay Mayay Bichitra Rahasya' on film making techniques, later published as a book in 1934; the monthly also publishes Saradindu Bandopadhyaya's screenplay of Kalidasa. Rabindranath Tagore receives Nobel Prize for literature. Bal Gandharva starts the Gandharva Natak Mandali, the most famous of the Sangeet Natak repetoiries. The Parsee theatre group, Khatau-Alfred, performs Narayan Prasad Betaab's 'Mahabharata' play.

Phalke's Raja Harishchandra opens on the 21st of April to a select audience, on 3 May, it opens commercially in Bombay's Coronation Cinematograph.

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Events

January

• January 30 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill

February

• February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal opens as the world's largest train station.
• February 3 - The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income tax.
• February 3 - Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins.
• February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century
• February 27 - Freezing weather stops everything in Balkans

March

• March - Outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia when the House of Romanov celebrate the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne
• March 4 - End of term for President of the United States William Howard Taft. He is succeeded by Thomas Woodrow Wilson.
• March 12 - Canberra becomes the federal capital of Australia
• March 13 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in USA
• March 18 - George I of Greece is assassinated.
• March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
• March 25 - Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadaloupe and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government as the head of "Constitutionals"
• March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.

April

• April 8 - Passing of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.
• April 24 - Woolworth Building opening ceremony.

May

• May 13 - Title Card Of Phalke Text
• May 13 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine aircraft.
• May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
• May 29 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring is premiered in Paris.
• May 30 - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London ending the war.

June

• June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross in the United States; still issued bimonthly till today.
• June 4 - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness.
• June 13 - Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute that broke in Niagara Falls, New York.
• June 15 - Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 relatively defenceless men, women and children, Bud Bagsak, Philippines.
• June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.

July

• July 3 - Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of United States Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
• July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004).

August

• August 4 - In China, province of Chungking declares independence. Chinese republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks
• August 13 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield.
• August 15 - Start of Dublin Lockout, all trade union members dismissed
• August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond becomes the first person to jump from an airplane and land safely.

September

• September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean
• September 29 - Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain
• September 29 - Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals

October

• October 1 - Villa's troops take Torreon after a three-day battle when government troops retreat
• October 10 - US President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the Panama Canal.
• October 19 - Founding of the DLRG (German Life Saving Society)

November

• November 5 - The insane king Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III.
• November 6 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
• November 7- November 12 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills over 250.

December

• December 1 - Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of mass production).
• December 1 - Greece annexes Crete
• December 12 - Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
• December 12 - Vincencio Peruggia tries to sell Mona Lisa in the Florence and is arrested
• December 23 - The Federal Reserve is created by Woodrow Wilson
• December 30 - Italy returns Mona Lisa to France

Unknown Dates

• Female suffrage in Norway
• British steamship Calvadas disappears in the Marmora Sea with 200 hands
• First crossword puzzle appears in the World newspaper
• Black Chamber, forerunner of NSA, founded
• de Sitter: speed of light is independent of speed of source
• Sagnac: speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform
• Painting September Morn creates a national sensation in U.S.
• Camel Cigarettes were introduced
• Ela Hockaday founds The Hockaday School
• First publication of Journal of Ecology
• National Temperance Council founded to promote temperance movement
• United States Soccer Federation forms

Births

January

• January 2 - Anna Lee, English actress (d. 2004)
• January 6 - Edward Gierek Polish politician, (d. 2001)
• January 6 - Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)
• January 9 - Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States (d. 1994)
• January 10 - Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)
• January 15 - Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998)
• January 18 - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987)
• January 22 - William Cardinal Conway, Northern Irish clergyman (d. 1977)
• January 22 - Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
• January 24 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer
• January 25 - Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
• January 29 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)

February

• February 2 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
• February 4 - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
• February 6 - Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)
• February 13 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)
• February 14 - Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
• February 14 - Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared) (d. 1975)
• February 25 - Jim Backus, American actor (d. 1989)
• February 25 - Gert Fröbe, German actor (d. 1988)
• February 27 - Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d. 2005)
• February 27 - Irwin Shaw, American writer (d. 1984)

March

• March 1 - Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)
• March 4 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
• March 13 - William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)
• March 13 - Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist
• March 18 - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
• March 21 - George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)
• March 26 - Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)
• March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
• March 30 - Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 2002)
• March 30 - Frankie Laine, American singer

April

• April 3 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
• April 11 - Oleg Cassini, American fashion disigner (d. 2006)
• April 27 - Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. 2004)

May

• May 1 - Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d. 2005)
• May 1 - Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
• May 5 - Tyrone Power, American Actor (d. 1958)
• May 8 - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)
• May 11 - Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)
• May 13 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., Liberian president (d. 1980)
• May 16 - Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d. 1987)
• May 20 - William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)
• May 26 - Peter Cushing, English actor (d. 1994)
• May 29 - Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)

June

• June 10 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer
• June 11 - Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)
• June 18 - Robert Mondavi, American wine maker
• June 25 - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)
• June 28 - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker

July

• July 12 - Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• July 14 - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States
• July 18 - Red Skelton, American comedian (d. 1997)
• July 22 - Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d. 1995)

August

• August 8 - John Facenda, American broadcaster and sports announcer (d. 1984)
• August 10 - Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
• August 13 - Makarios III, Cypriot Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d.1977)
• August 16 - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
• August 17 - Rudy York, baseball player (d. 1970)
• August 17 - W. Mark Felt FBI Assoc. Dir. and "Deep Throat" informant
• August 19 - Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003)
• August 20 - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
• August 27 - Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)
• August 28 - Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)
• August 28 - Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
• August 30 - Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)

September

• September 4 - Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
• September 5 - Frank Thomas, American animator (d. 2004)
• September 12 - Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980)
• September 14 - Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
• September 15 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)
• September 19 - Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
• September 29 - Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
• September 29 - Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d. 2001)
• September 29 - Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d. 1996)
• September 30 - Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d. 1975)

October

• October 10 - Claude Simon, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
• October 22 - Robert Capa, Hungarian-born photojournalist (d. 1954)

November

• November 2 - Burt Lancaster, American actor (d. 1994)
• November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress (d. 1967)
• November 7 - Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
• November 9 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
• November 10 - Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)
• November 13 - Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
• November 15 - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
• November 21 - John Boulting, English film director (d.1985)
• November 21 - Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d. 2001)
• November 22 - Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)

December

• December 6 - Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d. 2004)
• December 8 - Delmore Schwartz, American Poet (d. 1966)
• December 10 - Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996)
• December 13 - Arnold Brown, the 11th General of The Salvation Army (d. 2002)
• December 18 - Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)
• December 18 - Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
• December 30 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author of children's novels (d. 2002)

Deaths

• January 2 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)
• January 4 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b. 1833)
• February 22 - Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (b. 1873)
• February 26 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)
• March 10 - Harriet Tubman, American anti-slavery activist (b. 1820)
• March 22 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1882)
• March 31 - J.P.Morgan, American financier and banker (b. 1837)
• June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner
• July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero (b. 1845)
• July 29 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
• October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
• November 7 - Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
• November 22 - Tokugawa Yoshinobu 15th and last Tokugawa shogunate (b. 1837)
• December 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)

Month/day unknown

• John S. Billings, M.D., American military and medical leader (b. 1838)

Nobel prizes

• Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
• Chemistry - Alfred Werner
• Medicine - Charles Robert Richet
• Literature - Rabindranath Tagore
• Peace - Henri La Fontaine

External links

• 1913 Coin Pictures