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| | A church stood, dazzling as a bell. | | A church stood, dazzling as a bell. |
| | The father , after a while, turns to the ghats. | | The father , after a while, turns to the ghats. |
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| − | {| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"
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| − | | align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''Years:'''</small><br> [[1870]] [[1871]] [[1872]] - [[1873]] - [[1874]] [[1875]] [[1876]]
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| − | | align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''[[Decades]]:'''</small> <br> [[1840s]] [[1850s]] [[1860s]] - '''[[1870s]]''' - [[1880s]] [[1890s]] [[1900s]]
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| − | | align="center" | <small>'''[[Centuries]]:'''</small> <br> [[18th century]] - '''[[19th century]]''' - [[20th century]] <hr>
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| − | {{C19YearInTopic}}
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| − | '''1873''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (see link for calendar).
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| − | ==Events==
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| − | ===January - April===
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| − | * [[January 17]] - [[Indian Wars]]: First Battle of the Stronghold during the [[Modoc War]].
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| − | * [[February 11]] - [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Cortes Generales|Cortes]] deposes King [[Amadeus I of Spain|Amadeus I]] and proclaims the [[First Spanish Republic]].
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| − | * [[February 12]] - Former foreign minister [[Emilio Cistelar y Ripoli]] becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic.
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| − | * [[February 20]] - The [[University of California]] opens its first [[medical school]] in [[San Francisco, California]]
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| − | * [[March 1]] - [[E. Remington and Sons]] of [[Ilion, New York]] start production of the first practical [[typewriter]].
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| − | * [[March 3]] - [[Censorship]]: The [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]] enacts the [[Comstock Law]], making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.
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| − | * [[March 15]] - The [[Phi Sigma Kappa]] fraternity is founded at the [[University of Massachusetts]]
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| − | * [[April 1]] - The [[United Kingdom|British]] steamer [[SS Atlantic|SS ''Atlantic'']] sinks off [[Nova Scotia]] killing 547.
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| − | * [[April 15]] - [[April 17|17]] - [[Indian Wars]]: Second Battle of the Stronghold
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| − | ===May - August===
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| − | * [[May 9]] ''Der Krach'': Vienna stock market crash heralds [[Long Depression]]
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| − | * [[May 23]] - The [[Canada | Canadian]] Parliament establishes the [[North West Mounted Police]] (which will be renamed the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] in [[1920]]).
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| − | * [[June 4]] - [[Indian Wars]]: The [[Modoc War]] ends with the capture of [[Captain Jack]].
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| − | * [[July 1]] - [[Prince Edward Island]] joins the [[Canadian Confederation]].
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| − | * [[July 21]] - At [[Adair, Iowa]], [[Jesse James 1847|Jesse James]] and the [[James-Younger gang]] pull off the first successful [[train robbery]] in the [[United States|American]] West (US$3,000 from the Rock Island Express).
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| − | * [[August 4]] - [[Indian Wars]]: While protecting a [[railroad]] survey party in [[Montana]], the [[US 7th Cavalry Regiment|Seventh Cavalry]], under Lieutenant Colonel [[George Armstrong Custer]], clash for the first time with the [[Sioux]] (near the [[Tongue River (Montana)|Tongue River]]; only one man on each side is killed).
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| − | ===September - December===
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| − | * [[September 16]] - [[Germany|German]] troops leave [[France]] upon completion of payment of indemnity for [[Franco-Prussian War]].
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| − | * [[September 18]] - [[New York, New York|New York]] stock market crash.
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| − | * [[September 25]] - Classes begin at [[Drury University]].
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| − | * [[November 6]] - Formation of the [[Halifax, West Yorkshire| Halifax]] [[Rugby League| Rugby]] Club.
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| − | * [[November 7]] - [[Alexander Mackenzie]] becomes [[Canada]]'s second [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]].
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| − | * [[November 17]] - From [[Pest (city)|Pest]], [[Buda]] and [[Óbuda]], [[Budapest]], Hungary's capital is formed.
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| − | * [[December 15]] - Women of [[Fredonia]], [[New York]] march against the retail liquor dealers in town to inaugurate the Woman's Crusade of 1873-74. This led to the creation of the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]].
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| − | * [[December 21]] - Francis Garnier is attacked outside of Hanoi by Black Flag mercenaries fighting for the Vietnamese
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| − | ===Unknown date===
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| − | * [[Toronto Argonauts]] are founded. The oldest pro sports team still playing in North America.
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| − | * [[Rangers F.C.]] are founded. Rangers go on to be the most successful club in the world in terms of trophies won.
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| − | * The [[United Kingdom]] declares war against [[Ashanti|Ghana]]'s King Kofi KariKari, who was involved in the trading of [[slaves]]. The war ended by July and the British established the [[Gold Coast_(British colony)|Gold Coast Colony]].
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| − | * [[Coors Brewing Company]] begins making [[beer]] in [[Golden, Colorado]].
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| − | * [[Heineken]] [[brewery]] is founded in [[Amsterdam]], the [[Netherlands]].
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| − | * [[DDT]] first synthesized.
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| − | * Swedish arms company [[Bofors]] is incorporated.
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| − | * In [[Mexico]], [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]] to [[Mexico City]] railroad completed.
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| − | * Royal Montreal Club in [[Montreal, Quebec]] is founded, becoming the first permanent [[golf]] club in [[North America]].
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| − | * [[Henry Rose]] exhibits [[barbed wire]] at an [[Illinois]] county fair, which is taken up by [[Joseph Glidden]] and [[Jacob Haish]], who invent a machine to mass-produce it.
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| − | * Britain puts pressure on Sultan Barghash Sayyid who closes slave markets in [[Zanzibar]]
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| − | * [[Peter Tchaikovsky]] composes ''The Tempest''
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| − | * First running of the [[Preakness Stakes]] horse race in [[Baltimore, Maryland]]
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| − | * SUN was founded
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| − | * Womans Temperance League organized by [[Eliza Daniel Stewart]]
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| − | * [[Central Park]] is officially completed in [[New York City]], [[New York]].
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| − | ==Births==
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| − | ===January-March===
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| − | * [[January 2]] - Saint [[Thérèse de Lisieux]], Roman Catholic nun (d. [[1897]])
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| − | * [[January 7]] - [[Adolph Zukor]], Austrian-born film studio pioneer (d. [[1976]])
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| − | * [[January 10]] - [[George Orton]], Canadian athlete (d. [[1958]])
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| − | * [[January 12]] - [[Spiridon Louis]], Greek runner (d. [[1940]])
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| − | * [[January 20]] - [[Johannes Vilhelm Jensen]], Danish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1950]])
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| − | * [[January 28]] - [[Colette]], French writer (d. [[1954]])
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| − | * [[February 2]] - [[Maurice Tourneur]], French film director (d. [[1961]])
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| − | * [[February 3]] - [[Karl Jatho]], German aviation pioneer (d. [[1933]])
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| − | * [[February 4]] - [[Etienne Desmarteau|Étienne Desmarteau]], Canadian athlete (d. [[1905]])
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| − | * [[February 13]] - [[Feodor Chaliapin]], Russian bass (d. [[1938]])
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| − | * [[February 15]] - [[Hans von Euler-Chelpin]], German-born chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1964]])
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| − | * [[February 25]] - [[Enrico Caruso]], Italian tenor (d. [[1921]])
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| − | * [[March 3]] - [[William Green]], American labor leader (d. [[1952]])
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| − | * [[March 11]] - [[David Horsley]], English-born film executive (d. [[1933]])
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| − | * [[March 19]] - [[Max Reger]], German composer (d. [[1916]])
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| − | ===April-June===
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| − | *[[April 1]] ([[Gregorian calendar|N.S.]]); [[March 20]] ([[Julian calendar|O.S.]]) - [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]], Russian composer and pianist (d. [[1943]])
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| − | *[[April 7]] - [[John McGraw (baseball)|John McGraw]], baseball player and manager (d. [[1934]])
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| − | *[[April 10]] - [[Kyösti Kallio]], [[Prime Minister of Finland|Prime Minister]] and [[President of Finland]] (d. [[1940]])
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| − | *[[April 19]] - [[Sydney Barnes]], English cricketer (d. [[1967]])
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| − | *[[April 22]] - [[Ellen Glasgow]], American writer (d. [[1945]])
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| − | *[[May 4]] - [[Joe De Grasse]], Canadian film director (d. [[1940]])
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| − | *[[May 9]] - [[Anton Cermak]], Mayor of Chicago (d. [[1933]])
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| − | *[[May 17]] - [[Henri Barbusse]], French novelist and journalist (d. [[1935]])
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| − | *[[May 17]] - [[Dorothy Richardson]], English feminist writer (d. [[1957]])
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| − | *[[May 28]] - [[D.D. Sheehan]], Irish politician (d. [[1948]])
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| − | *[[June 3]] - [[Otto Loewi]], German-born pharmacologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1961]])
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| − | *[[June 26]] - [[Alexis Carrel]], French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1944]])
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| − |
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| − | ===July-September===
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| − | * [[July 1]] - [[Alice Guy-Blaché]], French-American filmmaker (d. [[1968]])
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| − | * [[July 20]] - [[Alberto Santos-Dumont]], Brazilian aviation pioneer (d. [[1932]])
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| − | * [[August 26]] - [[Lee De Forest]], American inventor (d. [[1961]])
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| − | * [[September 5]] - [[Cornelius Vanderbilt III]], American military officer, inventor, engineer (d. [[1942]])
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| − | * [[September 8]] - [[David O. McKay]], president of [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (d. [[1970]])
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| − | * [[September 20]] - [[Sidney Olcott]], pioneer film director (d. [[1949]])
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| − | * September 20 - [[Ferenc Szisz]], Hungarian-born race car driver (d. [[1944]])
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| − | * [[September 21]] - [[Papa Jack Laine]], jazz musician (d. [[1966]])
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| − |
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| − | ===October-December===
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| − | * [[October 14]] - [[Ray Ewry]], American athlete (d. [[1937]])
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| − | * [[October 19]] - [[Jaap Eden]], Dutch skater and cyclist (d. [[1925]])
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| − | * [[October 26]] - [[Thorvald Stauning]], [[Prime Minister of Denmark]] (d. [[1942]])
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| − | * [[November 16]] - [[W.C. Handy]], American blues composer (d. [[1958]])
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| − | *[[November 22]] - [[Johnny Tyldesley]], English cricketer (d. [[1930]])
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| − | * [[December 7]] - [[Willa Cather]], American novelist (d. [[1947]])
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| − | * [[December 11]] - [[Josip Plemelj]], Slovenian mathematician (d. [[1967]])
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| − | * [[December 17]] - [[Ford Maddox Ford]], English writer (d. [[1939]])
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| − | * [[December 26]] - [[Thomas Wass]], Nottinghamshire [[bowler (cricket)|bowler]] (d. [[1953]])
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| − | * [[December 30]] - [[Al Smith]], American politician (d. [[1944]])
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| − | ===Unknown dates===
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| − | *[[James Cousins]], Irish writer (d. [[1956]])
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| − | *[[Leon Czolgosz]], assassin of U.S. President [[William McKinley]] (d.[[1901]])
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| − | *[[William Ernest Hocking]], American philosopher (d. [[1966]])
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| − | ==Deaths==
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| − | *[[January 9]] - [[Napoleon III]], last Emperor of France (b. [[1808]])
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| − | *[[January 18]] - [[Edward George Bulwer-Lytton]], English writer (b. [[1803]]
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| − | *[[January 29]] - [[Basil Moreau|The Venerable Father Basil Anthony Marie Moreau]], Founder of the [[Congregation of Holy Cross]] (b. [[1799]])
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| − | *[[February 7]] - [[Sheridan Le Fanu]], Irish writer (b. [[1814]])
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| − | *[[February 19]] - [[Vasil Levski]], Bulgarian revolutionary (b. [[1837]])
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| − | *[[March 10]] - [[ John Torrey]], American botanist (b. [[1796]])
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| − | *[[April 11]] - [[Edward Canby]], U.S. general (b. [[1817]])
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| − | *[[April 18]] - [[Justus von Liebig]], German chemist (b. [[1803]])
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| − | *[[May 6]] - [[José Antonio Páez]], first [[President of Venezuela]] (b. [[1790]])
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| − | *[[May 7]] - [[Salmon P. Chase]], [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (b.[[1808]])
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| − | *[[May 8]] - [[John Stuart Mill]], British philosopher (b. [[1806]])
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| − | *[[May 20]] - [[George-Étienne Cartier]], Canadian statesman (b. [[1814]])
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| − | *[[June 1]] - [[Joseph Howe]], Canadian politician (b. [[1804]])
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| − | *[[September 17]] - [[Alexander Berry]], Scottish adventurer and Australian pioneer (b. [[1781]])
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| − | *[[September 22]] - [[Friedri
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