Difference between revisions of "1871"

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[[Image:Matsya.jpg]] [[ matsya]]  
 
[[Image:Matsya.jpg]] [[ matsya]]  
  
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The screen of the picture is the sky, the abode of the gods. A piece of sky before me where from his world, God looks me in the eye.
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The person on the screen sees me as I see him, he knows me, I can see it in his eyes.
  
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{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"
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Should he look away at some one else on the screen, then what is the picture to me?
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|-
 
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| align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''Years:'''</small><br>  [[1868]] [[1869]] [[1870]] - [[1871]] - [[1872]] [[1873]] [[1874]]
 
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|-
 
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| align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''[[Decades]]:'''</small> <br>  [[1840s]] [[1850s]] [[1860s]] - '''[[1870s]]''' - [[1880s]] [[1890s]] [[1900s]]
 
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|-
 
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| align="center" | <small>'''[[Centuries]]:'''</small> <br> [[18th century]] - '''[[19th century]]''' - [[20th century]]  <hr>
 
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{{C19YearInTopic}}
 
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|}
 
  
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'''1871''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] (see link for calendar).
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A little girl wants to visit Sharukh Khan's house in Bandra.. he knows me, she says, when her mother points out the bad manners of barging into an unknown person's house. He sees me from the television every day.
  
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==Events==
 
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===January - April===
 
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*[[January 2]] - [[Amadeus I]] becomes King of [[Spain]].
 
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*[[January 10]] -  [[France]] surrenders to end the [[Franco-Prussian War]]
 
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*[[January 18]] - The member-states of the [[North German Confederation]] unite into a single [[nation-state]] known as the [[German Empire]]. The [[List of Kings of Prussia|King of Prussia]] is declared the first [[List of German Kings and Emperors|German Emperor]] as [[Wilhelm I of Germany]].
 
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*[[January 21]] - [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]]'s troops win in [[Dijon]]
 
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*[[March 21]] - Marriage of [[Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll|Princess Louise]] to [[John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll|John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne]], whose father, the [[George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll|8th Duke of Argyll]], is the serving [[Secretary of State for India]].
 
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*[[March 22]] - In [[North Carolina]], [[William Woods Holden|William Holden]] becomes the first governor of a [[U.S. state]] to be removed from office by [[impeachment]].
 
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*[[March 26]] - The [[Paris Commune]] is formally established in [[Paris]].
 
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*[[March 29]] - The [[Royal Albert Hall]] is opened by [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]].
 
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*April - [[Handelsbanken|Stockholms Handelsbank]] is founded.
 
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*[[April 20]] - United States President Ulysses S. Grant signs the [[Ku Klux Klan Act]].
 
  
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===May - August===
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*[[May 4]]- First [[MLB]] baseball game is played.
 
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*[[May 11]] - First trial of the case of [[Tichborne Claimant]] begins in the [[London]] [[Court of Common Pleas]].
 
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*[[May 21]]-[[May 30|30]] - [[French Third Republic]].government troops invade [[Paris Commune]] and crush the rebellion.
 
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*[[June 10]] - Capt McLane Tilton leads 109 [[Marines]] in naval attack on [[Han River]] forts in [[Korea]].
 
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*[[June 18]] -- [[University Tests Act]] removes religious tests at [[Oxford University|Oxford]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] and [[Durham University|Durham]].
 
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*[[July 20]] - [[British Columbia]] joins the confederation of [[Canada]].
 
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*[[July 20]] - [[C. W. Alcock]] proposes that 'a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with [[Football Association|the Association]]', giving birth to the [[FA Cup]].
 
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*[[August 29]] - [[Abolition of the han system]] in [[Japan]].
 
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*[[August 31]] - [[Adolphe Thiers]] becomes President of the French Republic.
 
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===September - December===
 
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*[[October 8]] - Four major fires break out on the shores of [[Lake Michigan]] in [[Chicago, Illinois]], [[Peshtigo, Wisconsin]], [[Holland, Michigan]], and [[Manistee, Michigan]].  The [[Great Chicago Fire]] is the most famous of these, having left nearly 100,000 people homeless, although the [[Peshtigo Fire]] killed as many as 2,500 people making it the deadliest fire in [[United States]] history.
 
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*[[October 20]] - The [[Royal Regiment of Artillery]] formed the first regular [[Canada|Canadian]] army units when they created two [[batteries]] of [[artillery|garrison artillery]] which eventually became [[Royal Canadian Artillery|The Royal Canadian Artillery]].
 
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*[[October 27]] - The [[Comte de Chambord]] refuses to be crowned 'King Henry V of France' until France abandons its tricolour and returns to the old bourbon flag.
 
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*[[October 27]] - [[New York]] mayor [[Boss Tweed]] arrested
 
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*[[October 27]] - British occupy the [[Klipdrift]] in [[South Africa]], ending the [[Klipdrift Republic]]
 
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*[[November 10]] - [[Henry Morton Stanley]] locates missing explorer and missionary, Dr. [[David Livingstone]] in [[Ujiji]], near [[Lake Tanganyika]], and greets him saying "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"
 
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*[[November 17]] - The [[National Rifle Association]] is granted a charter by the state of [[New York]].
 
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*[[December 10]] - The [[Germany|German]] [[chancellor]] [[Otto von Bismarck]] tries to ban [[Catholicism|Catholics]] from the political stage by introducing harsh laws concerning the separation of [[church]] and [[state]].
 
−
 
 
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===Unknown date===
 
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*[[Trade Union Act]] - British [[trade union]]s legalized.
 
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*[[Heinrich Schliemann]] begins the excavation of [[Troy]].
 
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*[[Japan]] forms its own [[police]] force based on French model.
 
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*[[George Biddell Airy]] discovers [[astronomical aberration]] is independent of the local medium.
 
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*[[William Marcy Tweed]] serves his last year as the "[[Boss]]" of [[Tammany Hall]].
 
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*[[Neath RFC]] founded
 
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*[[Cary, North Carolina]] named in honor of [[Samuel Fenton Cary]]
 
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==Births==
 
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*[[January 7]] - Félix Édouard Justin [[Émile Borel]], French mathematician and politician (d. [[1956]])
 
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*[[January 30]] - [[Wilfred Lucas]], Canadian-born actor (d. [[1940]])
 
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*[[February 4]] - [[Friedrich Ebert]], [[President of Germany]] (d. [[1925]])
 
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*[[February 18]] - [[Harry Brearley]], English inventor (d. [[1948]])
 
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*[[March 1]] - [[Ben Harney]], American composer and pianist (d. [[1938]])
 
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*[[March 5]] - [[Rosa Luxemburg]], German politician (d. [[1919]])
 
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*[[March 19]] - [[Schofield Haigh]], English cricketer (d. [[1921]])
 
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*[[March 27]] - [[Heinrich Mann]], German writer (d. [[1950]])
 
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*[[March 31]] - [[Arthur Griffith]], [[President of Ireland]] (d. [[1922]])
 
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*[[May 3]] - [[Walter Parr|Walter Robinson Parr]], English-born pastor (d. [[1922]])
 
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*[[May 6]] - [[Victor Grignard]], French chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] laureate (d. [[1935]])
 
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*May 6 - [[Christian Morgenstern]], German author (d. [[1914]])
 
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*[[May 27]] - [[Georges Rouault]], French painter and graphic artist (d. [[1958]])
 
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*[[June 14]] - [[Jacob Ellehammer]], Danish inventor (d. [[1946]])
 
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*[[July 10]] - [[Marcel Proust]], French writer (d. [[1922]])
 
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*[[July 17]] - [[Lyonel Feininger]],  German painter (d. [[1956]])
 
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*[[July 25]] - [[Richard Ernest Turner]], Canadian soldier (d. [[1961]])
 
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*[[August 14]] - [[Guangxu Emperor of China]] (d. [[1908]])
 
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*[[August 19]] - [[Orville Wright]], American aviation pioneer (d. [[1948]])
 
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*[[August 25]] - [[Ross Winn]], American anarchist writer and publisher (d. [[1912]])
 
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*[[August 27]] - [[Theodore Dreiser]], American writer (d. [[1945]])
 
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*[[August 29]] - [[Albert Lebrun]], French politician (d. [[1950]])
 
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*[[August 30]] - [[Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson]], New Zealand physicist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (d. [[1937]])
 
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*[[September 24]] - [[Lottie Dod]], English athlete (d. [[1960]])
 
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*[[September 26]] - [[Winsor McCay]], American cartoonist and animator (d. [[1934]])
 
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*[[September 27]] - [[Grazia Deledda]], Italian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1936]])
 
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*[[October 2]] - [[Cordell Hull]], [[United States Secretary of State]], recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1955]])
 
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*[[October 19]] - [[Walter Bradford Cannon]], Physiologist (d. [[1945]])
 
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*[[October 30]] - [[Paul Valéry]], French poet (d. [[1945]])
 
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*[[November 1]] - [[Stephen Crane]], American writer (d. [[1900]])
 
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*[[December 9]] - [[Joe Kelley]], [[Baseball Hall of Fame]]r (d. [[1943]])
 
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*[[December 13]] - [[Emily Carr]], Canadian artist (d. [[1945]])
 
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==Deaths==
 
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*[[January 15]] - [[Edward C. Delevan]], American [[temperance movement]] leader (b. [[1793]])
 
−
*[[January 19]] - [[William Denison|Sir William Denison]], Governor of New South Wales (b. [[1804]])
 
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*[[February 11]] -  [[Gaspard Théodore Ignace de la Fontaine]], Luxembourg politician
 
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*[[February 20]] - [[Paul Kane]], Irish-born painter (b. [[1810]])
 
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*[[May 11]] - [[John Herschel]], English astronomer (b. [[1792]])
 
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*[[September 20]] - [[John Coleridge Patteson]], Anglican bishop and missionary (martyred) (b. [[1827]])
 
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*[[September 23]] - [[Louis-Joseph Papineau]], Canadian politician (b. [[1786]])
 
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*[[October 18]] - [[Charles Babbage]], English mathematician and inventor (b. [[1791]])
 
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*[[December 28]] - [[John Henry Pratt]], English clergyman and mathematician (b. [[1809]])
 
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*[[March 18]] - [[Augustus De Morgan]], Professor of mathematics and mathematician (b. [[1806]])
 
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[[Category:1871]]
 
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[[th:พ.ศ. 2414]]
 
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Revision as of 14:21, 23 May 2009

Two hands kneaded the dough, broke off a piece, rolled it into a ball and ran the rolling pin over it. She picked up the rolled out circle of dough and threw it into the air, her nimble fingers making a game of the catching and the throwing. She landed her little continent of dough onto the griddle. The flame shuddered in the earthen fireplace made of clay, throwing a light on Ma's face. Drops of sweat shone on her skin like early morning dew reluctant to be woken by the day. Ma turned and looked and found that Dhundiraj had walked on his knees/crawled on all fours to the door where he was digging the earth by the door, readying to eat the mud.

She leaped up and picked him into her lap. She pushed a finger into his mouth and picked out the mud. Slapped him across his face, twice over, and dumped him on the ground. Dhundiraj howled.

Dwarkabai: Cry all you want.

A thought struck her and she got up and found a torn bit of saree. She tore it further, and tied the two pieces onto her child's hands, making horse hooves of them.

"Go on, eat more mud, your hands are going to stay tied like this"

Lying in his cradle, the child looked one glance at Dwarkabai, and one at the sky. A single cloud in the blue expanse... After a few seconds, as the cradle stopped rocking, the cloud started moving, and came up, right over Dhundiraj. His crying suddenly stopped. He lay quietly in his rocking bed, a mute witness to an event that crossed the boundaries of different worlds.

His pupils dilated and floated like boats, towards his nose. A strange bird on long grey legs settled near the cradle. He was made of some porous grey material.

Baby-cradle klimt.jpg Secretary Bird 2005-01-16-0384.jpg

Ma had covered the embers of the fireplace and was sitting, lost in thought, when the silence woke her up. Why had Dhundiraj's crying stopped so suddenly? She ran to the cradle with her heart in her mouth. Dhundiraj looked like he was in a samadhi. His palm was half open like it was Tukaram's palm holding the kartal. His face had a unsettling smile, but he made no sound and the cradle was still. As though that small piece of cloud in the sky had hypnotised him.

The sudden excitement in the atmosphere subsided, the air had movement again and started bearing that cloud away. The cloud had barely moved when the cradle began to rock again, Dhundiraj came out of his trance and cried out.

Dwarkabai was relieved " You scared me, son. Oof, forgive me! I will never tie your hands again".


Stampfer Disc.gif

Stamfer disk akin to the Phenakinetescope

Optical toys which work on the principle of persistence of vision were very popular in the 19th century. People peered through key holes and looked at the image of simultaneously rotating discs in mirrors to see a moving image. Projector lamps lit up glass slides of paintings, and gradually, of photographs, in quick succession and people saw them 'move'

The giant backdrops behind the small actors on stage gave perspective, opened out vistas.

Folderd-Reynaud.jpg

It was time for the birth of cinema


Udhne vaala ghoda.jpg


Lord Napier, Governor of Madras wanted the development of an Indian style that 'deals with the ideal and the allegorical', in which 'the virtues, the graces.. and other abstract conceptions and agencies are clothed in human forms which owe their majesty or their terrors to the Artist"

He saw the endless possibilities of re-imagining the treasures of the epics "All that is needed to promulgate their beauty and fame is that, in their purest and nobler passages and with the powers of European Art, they should engage in the service of the national pencil as they have fastened on the national memory and animated the national voice"

European perpective, the drawing of objects, people and space, as 'they really are', in relationship to each other, in the visible world, was being retaught to the native. The idea was somewhere also that this would change the way the native thought, it would enable the process of rational thinking, so lacking in the idol worshippers.. It seemed implied that the flat, frontal images that were popularly made and worshipped, were representative of a equally childish way of judging and looking at the world.


Matsya.jpg matsya

The screen of the picture is the sky, the abode of the gods. A piece of sky before me where from his world, God looks me in the eye. The person on the screen sees me as I see him, he knows me, I can see it in his eyes.

Should he look away at some one else on the screen, then what is the picture to me?

A little girl wants to visit Sharukh Khan's house in Bandra.. he knows me, she says, when her mother points out the bad manners of barging into an unknown person's house. He sees me from the television every day.