1910 - Revision history

HansaThapliyal at 19:15, 4 December 2009

2009-12-04T19:15:22Z

HansaThapliyal at 09:31, 4 December 2009

2009-12-04T09:31:40Z

HansaThapliyal at 05:50, 4 December 2009

2009-12-04T05:50:36Z

HansaThapliyal at 04:37, 4 December 2009

2009-12-04T04:37:51Z

HansaThapliyal at 04:34, 4 December 2009

2009-12-04T04:34:18Z

HansaThapliyal at 04:30, 4 December 2009

2009-12-04T04:30:52Z

HansaThapliyal at 07:28, 21 July 2009

2009-07-21T07:28:27Z

HansaThapliyal at 21:13, 30 July 2006

2006-07-30T21:13:17Z

HansaThapliyal at 21:09, 30 July 2006

2006-07-30T21:09:25Z

HansaThapliyal at 21:07, 30 July 2006

2006-07-30T21:07:28Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 19:15, 4 December 2009
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	whose sympathies are readily won by any catchword that appeals to		whose sympathies are readily won by any catchword that appeals to
	sentimental Liberalism.		sentimental Liberalism.
		+
		+	....
		+	But if there were already, more than 20 years ago, wild and
		+	irreconcilable spirits bent on fomenting disaffection, there were
		+	amongst the Deccanee Brahmans themselves a small intellectual _élite_
		+	who, though by no means servile apologists of British rule, fully
		+	realized that their primary duty was not to stir up popular passion
		+	against alien rulers, but to bring Hindu society into closer communion
		+	with the higher civilization which those rulers, whatever their
		+	shortcomings, undoubtedly represented. Conspicuous amongst such men was
		+	Mahadev Govind Ranade. Equally conspicuous in the opposite camp was a
		+	man of a very different stamp, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who was destined to
		+	become one of the most dangerous pioneers of disaffection. It was a
		+	Hindu gentleman and a Brahman who told me that if I wanted to study the
		+	psychology of Indian unrest I should begin by studying Tilak's career.
		+	"Tilak's onslaught in Poona upon Ranade, his alliance with the bigots of
		+	orthodoxy, his appeals to popular superstition in the new Ganpati
		+	celebrations, to racial fanaticism in the 'Anti-Cow-killing Movement,'
		+	to Mahratta sentiment in the cult which he introduced of Shivaji, his
		+	active propaganda amongst schoolboys and students, his gymnastic
		+	societies, his preaching in favour of physical training, and last but
		+	not least his control of the Press and the note of personal violence
		+	which he imparted to newspaper polemics, represent the progressive
		+	stages of a highly-organized campaign which has served as a model to the
		+	apostles of unrest all over India." This was a valuable piece of advice,
		+	for, if any one can claim to be truly the father of Indian unrest, it is
		+	Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The story of his initial campaign in the Deccan,
		+	though it dates back to the closing decades of the last century, is
		+	still well worth studying, and has, in fact, never received adequate
		+	attention, for on the one hand it pricks the shallow view that Indian
		+	unrest is merely an echo of the Japanese victories in Manchuria, and, on
		+	the other hand, it illustrates clearly the close connexion that exists
		+	between the forces of Indian political disaffection and those of social
		+	and religious reaction, whilst the methods which he employed and the
		+	results which attended his activity have been reproduced with singular
		+	fidelity in subsequent phases of the movement.

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:31, 4 December 2009
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	From the Introduction by Alfred Lyall		From the Introduction by Alfred Lyall
		+
		+
		+	semi educated proletariate
		+
		+	promoters of disaffection
		+
		+	as the remarkable
		+	rise in prices during the last decade. This has seriously enhanced the
		+	cost of living in India and has specially affected the very classes
		+	amongst whom disaffection is most widespread. The clerk, the teacher,
		+	the petty Government official, whose exiguous salaries have remained the
		+	same, find themselves to-day relatively, and in many cases actually,
		+	worse off than the artisan or even the labourer, whose wages have in
		+	many cases risen in proportion to the increased cost of living. Plague,
		+	which in the course of the last 14 years has carried off over 6,000,000
		+	people, and two terrible visitations of famine have caused in different
		+	parts of the country untold misery and consequent bitterness. On the
		+	other hand, the growth of commerce and industry and the growing interest
		+	taken by all classes in commercial and industrial questions have led to
		+	a corresponding resentment of the fiscal restraints placed upon India by
		+	the Imperial Government for the selfish benefit, as it is contended, of
		+	the British manufacturer and trader. Much bad blood has undoubtedly been
		+	created by the treatment of British Indians in South Africa and the
		+	attitude adopted in British Colonies generally towards Asiatic
		+	immigrants.
		+
		+	...
		+	large influx of a lower class of Europeans which the
		+	development of railways and telegraphs and other industries requiring
		+	technical knowledge have brought in their train. Nor can it be denied
		+	that the growing pressure of office work as well as the increased
		+	facilities of home leave and frequent transfers from one post to another
		+	have inevitably to some extent lessened the contact between the
		+	Anglo-Indian official and the native population.
		+
		+	...
		+	Based upon caste,
		+	the most rigid of all social classifications, Hinduism has secured for
		+	some 3,000 years or more to the higher castes, and especially to the
		+	Brahmans, the highest of all castes, a social supremacy for which there
		+	is no parallel elsewhere. At the same time, inflexibly as they have
		+	dominated Hinduism, these higher castes have themselves preserved a
		+	flexibility of mind and temper which has enabled them to adapt
		+	themselves with singular success to the vicissitudes of changing times
		+	without any substantial sacrifice of their inherited traditions and
		+	aspirations. Thus it is amongst high-caste Hindus that for the last
		+	three-quarters of a century English education has chiefly spread, and,
		+	indeed, been most eagerly welcomed; it is amongst them that British
		+	administration has recruited the great majority of its native servants
		+	in every branch of the public service; it is amongst them also that are
		+	chiefly recruited the liberal professions, the Press, the
		+	schoolmasters--in fact all those agencies through which public opinion
		+	and the mind of the rising generation are most easily moulded and
		+	directed. That it is amongst them also that the spirit of revolt against
		+	British ascendency is chiefly and almost exclusively rife constitutes
		+	the most ominous feature of Indian unrest.
		+
		+	...
		+	Hence the desire on both sides to find some common denominator
		+	in a nebulous formula which each can interpret as to time and manner
		+	according to its own desires and aims. That formula seems to have been
		+	discovered in the term _Swaraj_, or self-rule, which, when
		+	euphemistically translated into Colonial self-government for India,
		+	offers the additional advantage of presenting the political aspirations
		+	of Indian "Nationalism" in the form least likely to alarm Englishmen,
		+	especially those who do not care or wish to look below the surface and
		+	whose sympathies are readily won by any catchword that appeals to
		+	sentimental Liberalism.

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:50, 4 December 2009
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		+	Ignorance is
		+	unquestionably the root of many evils; and it was natural that in the
		+	last century certain philosophers should have assumed education to be
		+	the certain cure for human delusions; and that statesmen like Macaulay
		+	should have declared education to be the best and surest remedy for
		+	political discontent and for law-breaking. In any case it was the clear
		+	and imperative duty of the British Government to attempt the
		+	intellectual emancipation of India as the best justification of British
		+	rule. We have since discovered, by experience, that, although education
		+	is a sovereign remedy for many ills--is indeed indispensable to healthy
		+	progress--yet an indiscriminate or superficial administration of this
		+	potent medicine may engender other disorders. It acts upon the frame of
		+	an antique society as a powerful dissolvent, heating weak brains,
		+	stimulating rash ambitions, raising inordinate expectations of which the
		+	disappointment is bitterly resented.

−	From the Introduction by ~~Sir~~ Alfred Lyall	+	...It
		+	is now seen that our Western ideas and inventions, moral and material,
		+	are being turned against us by some of those to whom we have imparted an
		+	elementary aptitude for using them. And thus we have the strange
		+	spectacle, in certain parts of India, of a party capable of resorting to
		+	methods that are both reactionary and revolutionary, of men who offer
		+	prayers and sacrifices to ferocious divinities and denounce the
		+	Government by seditious journalism, preaching primitive superstition in
		+	the very modern form of leading articles. The mixture of religion with
		+	politics has always produced a highly explosive compound, especially in
		+	Asia.
		+
		+
		+	From the Introduction by Alfred Lyall

@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 in Indian history, their caste established a great secular dominion, may
 be ascribed the tendency to disloyalty among the Maratha Brahmins."
 From the Introduction by Sir Alfred Lyall

←Older revision		Revision as of 04:34, 4 December 2009
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	1910 in phalke's journey same as [[1909 in phalke's journey]]		1910 in phalke's journey same as [[1909 in phalke's journey]]
		+
		+	"That in India the British Government has found the centres of active
		+	disaffection located in the Maratha country and in Lower Bengal, is a
		+	phenomenon which can be to a large extent accounted for by reference to
		+	Anglo-Indian history. The fact that Poona is one focus of sedition has
		+	been attributed in this volume to the survival among the Maratha
		+	Brahmins of the recollection that "far into the eighteenth century Poona
		+	was the capital of a theocratic State in which behind the Throne of the
		+	Peshwas both spiritual and secular authority were concentrated in the
		+	hands of the Brahmins." The Peshwas, as their title implies, had been
		+	hereditary Ministers who governed in the name of the reigning dynasty
		+	founded by the famous Maratha leader Sivajee, whose successors they set
		+	aside. But before the end of the eighteenth century the secular
		+	authority of the Peshwas had become almost nominal, and the real power
		+	in the State had passed into the grasp of a confederation of chiefs of
		+	predatory armies, whose violence drove the last Peshwa, more than a
		+	century ago, to seek refuge in a British camp. The political sovereignty
		+	of the Brahmins had disappeared from the time when he placed himself
		+	under British protection; and the Maratha chiefs (who were not Brahmins)
		+	only acknowledged our supremacy after some fiercely contested battles;
		+	with the result that they were confined to and confirmed in the
		+	possession of the territories now governed by their descendants. But it
		+	is quite true that to the memory of a time when for once, and once only,
		+	in Indian history, their caste established a great secular dominion, may
		+	be ascribed the tendency to disloyalty among the Maratha Brahmins."
		+
		+	From the Introduction by Sir Alfred Lyall

←Older revision		Revision as of 04:30, 4 December 2009
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	----		----
		+	Publication of Valentin Chirol's Indian Unrest
		+
		+	http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16444/16444-8.txt

	1910 in phalke's journey same as [[1909 in phalke's journey]]		1910 in phalke's journey same as [[1909 in phalke's journey]]

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:28, 21 July 2009
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		+	Differences with Seth Purushottamdas about the running of the press.
		+
		+	Nadia was born Mary Evans. Her mother was Greek and her father Welsh. Her professional career started as a stenotypist.
		+
		+	T. Mudaliar, car import under Ronnerdan Company.
		+
		+	Letters to the TOI
		+
		+	- the Indian anarchists
		+
		+	- The Chitpavan Brahmans
		+
		+	- Transvaal Indians
		+
		+	- Indian textbooks
		+
		+
		+
	[[Rabindranath Tagore]] publishes [[Geetanjali]]. The [[All-India Hindu Mahasabha]] is lauched at Allahabad, allegedly in response to the [[Muslim League]], intensifying communal hostilites in Indian politics.		[[Rabindranath Tagore]] publishes [[Geetanjali]]. The [[All-India Hindu Mahasabha]] is lauched at Allahabad, allegedly in response to the [[Muslim League]], intensifying communal hostilites in Indian politics.

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:13, 30 July 2006
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		+	[[Rabindranath Tagore]] publishes [[Geetanjali]]. The [[All-India Hindu Mahasabha]] is lauched at Allahabad, allegedly in response to the [[Muslim League]], intensifying communal hostilites in Indian politics.

		+	[[Dadasaheb Phalke]] attends a screening of Life of Christ at [[P.B.Mehta's America-India Cinema]].

−	1910 same as [[1909 in phalke's journey]]	+
		+	----
		+
		+	1910 in phalke's journey same as [[1909 in phalke's journey]]

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:09, 30 July 2006
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−		+	1910 same as [[1909 in phalke's journey]]
−	1910 same as [[1909]] in phalke's journey

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:07, 30 July 2006
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−	same as [[1909]] in phalke's journey	+
		+
		+
		+	1910 same as [[1909]] in phalke's journey