1891 - Revision history

HansaThapliyal at 18:54, 29 May 2009

2009-05-29T18:54:00Z

HansaThapliyal at 11:53, 25 May 2009

2009-05-25T11:53:54Z

HansaThapliyal at 18:43, 23 May 2009

2009-05-23T18:43:06Z

Show changes

HansaThapliyal at 08:49, 23 May 2009

2009-05-23T08:49:02Z

HansaThapliyal at 08:31, 23 May 2009

2009-05-23T08:31:24Z

HansaThapliyal at 08:48, 22 May 2009

2009-05-22T08:48:25Z

HansaThapliyal at 08:44, 22 May 2009

2009-05-22T08:44:08Z

HansaThapliyal at 07:57, 22 May 2009

2009-05-22T07:57:11Z

HansaThapliyal at 04:33, 15 July 2006

2006-07-15T04:33:04Z

SaikatMallick at 09:53, 23 June 2006

2006-06-23T09:53:47Z

New page

{{yearbox|
| in?=
| cp=18th century
| c=19th century
| cf=20th century

| yp1=1888
| yp2=1889
| yp3=1890
| year=1891
| ya1=1892
| ya2=1893
| ya3=1894

| dp3=1860s
| dp2=1870s
| dp1=1880s
| d=1890s
| dn1=1900s
| dn2=1910s
| dn3=1920s
}}
{{C19YearInTopic}}
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji]] 24}}

'''1891''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXCI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] (see link for calendar).

==Events==
* [[January 1]] - Paying of [[old age pension]]s begins in [[Germany]]
* [[January 20]] - [[Jim Hogg]] becomes the first native [[Texas|Texan]] to be governor of that state.
* [[January 29]] - [[Liliuokalani of Hawaii|Liliuokalani]] proclaimed Queen of [[Hawaii]]
* [[January 31]] - The [[Portuguese]] [[republican]] [[revolution]] broke out in the northern city of [[Porto]].
* [[February 14]] - In the [[FA cup]] Quarter Final, a goal is deliberately stopped by handball on the [[goal line]]. An [[Indirect free kick]] is awarded, since the [[Penalty kick]] was proposed that year but not implemented. This event probably changed public opinion on the penalty kick, which was seen as 'an Irishman's motion' before. (See [[William McCrum]].)
* [[March 3]] - The [[International Copyright Act]] of 1891 was passed by the [[Fifty-first United States Congress|51st Congress]] of the [[United States of America]]
* [[March 9]] - [[March 12|12]] - Powerful storm off England's south coast; 14 ships sink
* [[March 14]] - In [[New Orleans]], [[lynching|lynch mob]] storms the [[Old Parish Prison]] and lynches eleven Italians arrested but found innocent for the murder of Police Chief [[David Hennessey]].
* [[March 17]] - The British [[steamship]] SS ''Utopia'' sinks off the coast of [[Gibraltar]], killing 574.
* [[April 1]] - The [[Wrigley Company]] is founded in [[Chicago, Illinois]].
* [[May 1]] - Nine killed and thirty wounded when troops fire on workers' [[May Day]] demonstration in support of eight-hour workday in [[Fourmies]], [[France]].
* [[May 5]] - The Music Hall in [[New York City|New York]] (now known as [[Carnegie Hall]]) has its grand opening and first public performance, with maestro [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] as the guest conductor.
*[[May 15]] - Roman Catholic Pope Leo XIII issues the encyclical "Rerum Novarum" resulting in the creation of many Christian Democrat Parties throughout Europe.
* [[May 20]] - First public display of [[Thomas Alva Edison|Thomas Alva Edison's]] prototype [[kinetoscope]] (shown at Edison's Laboratory for a convention of the [[National Federation of Women's Clubs]]).
* [[June 16]] - [[John Joseph Caldwell Abbott|John Abbott]] becomes [[Canada]]'s third [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]].
* [[June 21]] - First long-distance transmission of [[Alternating current]] by the Ames power plant near [[Telluride, Colorado]] by Lucien and Paul Nunn.
* [[August 27]] - [[France]] and [[Russia]] conclude defensive alliance.
* [[October 1]] - In [[California]], [[Stanford University]] opens its doors
* [[October 27]] - An 8.0 [[earthquake]] strikes the village of Utsuzumi in rural [[Gifu]], [[Japan]], killing over 7,000 across the region and creating a 3-meter-tall surface fault that is still visible today
* [[December 29]] - [[Thomas Edison]] patents the [[radio]]

===Unknown dates===
* Building of The [[Trans-Siberian Railroad]] begins (ends 1917)
* The Brahmin teacher and nationalist, [[Bal Bangadhar tilak]], begins agitation for [[Indian home Rule]]
* Civil War in [[Chile]]
* [[Kicking Bear]] surrenders
* [[Famine]] in [[Russia]]
* [[Maria Sklodowska-Curie|Maria Skłodowska]] enters [[Sorbonne University]]
* [[New Scotland Yard]] becomes the HQ of [[London Metropolitan Police]]
* [[Swiss Army Knife]]
* [[Eugene Dubois]] made first discovery of [[Homo erectus]] fossils in Dutch colony of [[Java (island)|Java]].
* [[Winter]] - [[James Naismith]] invents [[Basketball]]
* The [[Tobacco Protest]] occurs in [[Iran]]
* Oba [[Ovonramwen]] seizes the throne of [[Benin]]
* [[Auckland University Students' Association]] founded

==Births==
*[[January 7]] - [[Zora Neale Hurston]], Harlem Renaissance writer (d. [[1960]])
* [[January 8]] - [[Walther Bothe]], German physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (d. [[1957]])
* [[January 27]] - [[Ilya Ehrenburg]], Russian writer (d. [[1967]])
* [[February 9]] - [[Ronald Colman]], English actor (d. [[1958]])
* [[February 11]] - [[Jack Hearne (John William Hearne)|J.W. Hearne]], English cricketer (d. [[1965]])
* [[February 27]] - [[David Sarnoff]], Russian-born broadcasting pioneer (d. [[1971]])
* [[March 10]] - [[Sam Jaffe (actor)|Sam Jaffe]], American actor (d. [[1984]])
* [[March 19]] - [[Earl Warren]], [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (d. [[1974]])
* [[March 29]] - [[Yvan Goll]], French lyricist and dramatist (d. [[1950]])
* [[April 2]] - [[Max Ernst]], German painter (d. [[1976]])
* [[April 13]] - [[Nella Larsen]], American novelist (d. [[1964]])
* [[April 17]] - [[George Adamski]], Polish-born UFO traveler (d. [[1965]])
* [[April 23]] - [[Sergei Prokofiev]], Soviet composer (d. [[1953]])
* [[May 7]] - [[Harry McShane]], Scottish socialist (d. [[1988]])
* [[May 15]] - [[Mikhail Bulgakov]], Russian writer (d. [[1940]])
* May 15 - [[Fritz Feigl]], Austrian-born chemist (d. [[1971]])
* [[May 16]] - [[Richard Tauber]], Austrian tenor (d. [[1948]])
* [[May 18]] - [[Rudolf Carnap]], German philosopher (d. [[1970]])
* [[May 19]] - [[Oswald Boelcke]], German World War I pilot (d. [[1916]])
* [[May 22]] - [[Eddie Edwards]], American jazz trombonist (d. [[1963]])
* [[May 23]] - [[Pär Lagerkvist]], Swedish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1974]])
* [[May 24]] - [[William F. Albright]], American archeologist and Biblical scholar (d. [[1971]])
* [[June 9]] - [[Cole Porter]], American composer and songwriter (d. [[1964]])
* [[June 20]] - [[John A. Costello]], second [[President of Ireland]] (d. [[1976]])
* [[June 21]] - [[Hermann Scherchen]], German conductor (d. [[1966]])
* [[June 30]] - [[Man Mountain Dean]], American professional wrestler (d. [[1953]])
* [[July 5]] - [[John Howard Northrop]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1987]])
* [[August 21]] - [[Emiliano Mercado del Toro]], American supercentenarian, oldest surviving American veteran of [[World War I]]
* [[September 12]] - [[Pedro Albizu Campos]], advocate of Puerto Rican independence (d. [[1965]])
* [[September 14]] - [[William F. Friedman]], American cryptographer (d. [[1969]])
* [[September 16]] - [[Karl Dönitz]], [[President of Germany]] (d. [[1980]])
*[[September 16]] - [[Stephanie von Hohenlohe]], Austrian-born German World War II spy (d. [[1972]])
* [[September 26]] - [[Charles Munch]], French conductor and violinist (d. [[1968]])
* [[September 28]] - [[Myrtle Gonzalez]], American film and stage actress (d. [[1918]])
* [[October 12]] - [[Fumimaro Konoe]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1945]])
* [[October 20]] - [[James Chadwick]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1974]])
* [[October 24]] - [[Rafael Leónidas Trujillo]], dictator of the Dominican Republic (d. [[1961]])
* [[November 14]] - [[Frederick Banting]], Canadian physician, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1941]])
* [[November 15]] - [[Vincent Astor]], American philanthropist (d. [[1959]])
*[[November 15]] - [[Erwin Rommel]], German field marshal (d. [[1944]])
* [[December 9]] - [[Maksim Bahdanovič]], Belarusian poet
*[[December 10]] - [[Nelly Sachs]], German writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1970]])
* [[December 26]] - [[Henry Miller]], American writer (d. [[1980]])

==Deaths==
* [[January 5]] - [[Emma Abbott]], American opera singer (b. [[1849]])
* [[January 16]] - [[Léo Delibes]], French composer (b. [[1836]])
* [[January 21]] - [[Calixa Lavallée]], Canadian composer (b. [[1842]])
* [[March 15]] - [[Théodore de Banville]], French writer (b. [[1823]])
*March 15 - [[Joseph Bazalgette |Sir Joseph Bazalgette]], English civil engineer (b. [[1819]])
* [[March 29]] - [[Georges Seurat]], French painter (b. [[1859]])
* [[April 7]] - [[Phineas Taylor Barnum|P. T. Barnum]], American showman (b. [[1810]])
*[[April 24]] - [[Helmuth von Moltke the Elder]], Prussian field marshal (b. [[1800]])
* [[May 8]] - [[Helena Petrovna Blavatsky]], Russian-born author and theosophist (b. [[1831]])
* [[July 4]] - [[Hannibal Hamlin]], [[Vice President of the United States]] (b. [[1809]])
* [[August 12]] - [[James Russell Lowell]], American poet and essayist (b. [[1819]])
* [[August 14]] - [[Sarah Childress Polk]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (b. [[1803]])
* [[September 11]] - [[Antero de Quental]], Portuguese poet (b. [[1842]])
* [[September 15]] - [[Ivan Goncharov]], Russian author (b. [[1812]])
* [[September 28]] - [[Herman Melville]], American novelist (b. [[1819]])
* [[October 6]] - [[Charles Stewart Parnell]], Irish nationalist leader (b. [[1846]])
* [[October 15]] - [[Gilbert Arthur a Beckett]], English writer (b. [[1837]])
* [[November 10]] - [[Arthur Rimbaud]], French poet (b. [[1854]])
* [[December 5]] - [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]], Brazilian deposed emperor (b. [[1826]])
* ? - [[Pierre Lallement]], French inventor of the [[bicycle]] (b. [[1843]]?)

==Fictional events of the year==
[[Sherlock Holmes]] is believed to have died in the Reichenbach fall with the "Napoleon of crime", Professor James Moriarty.

{{commonscat}}

[[Category:1891]]

[[af:1891]]
[[ar:1891]]
[[ast:1891]]
[[az:1891]]
[[be:1891]]
[[bs:1891]]
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[[cv:1891]]
[[cs:1891]]
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[[fr:1891]]
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[[gl:1891]]
[[ko:1891년]]
[[hr:1891]]
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[[nap:1891]]
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[[ro:1891]]
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[[sk:1891]]
[[sl:1891]]
[[sr:1891]]
[[fi:1891]]
[[sv:1891]]
[[tt:1891]]
[[te:1891]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2434]]
[[tr:1891]]
[[uk:1891]]
[[wa:1891]]
[[zh:1891年]]

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 --------
 December11, 1891.
-A terrible calamity ws the outcome of Lieutenant Mansfield's balloon ascent yesterday. WHen at an altitude estimated by some at a thousand feet, the balloon from some unexplained cause collapsed like a pricked bladder and the astronaut, the parachute and the remains of the balloon descended with frightening rapidity, Mr. Mansfield himself being dashed to the earth with such tremendous force that the life left his crushed and mangled body within a few minutes of his descent. The announcement of his performance had drawn together some thousands of spectators, all of whom looked forward with the keenest expectancy to a most enjoyable display. Everything seemed propitious, and having regard to the thoroughness of all the arrangements, nothing but success was anticipated. No suspicion of failure entered the minds of anybody. But unhappily as already stated, the unforeseen happened. The terribly tragic termination of Lieut. Mansfield daring exploit has sent a thrill or horror throughout Bombay and it may be safely asserted that even as passive spectators participated in yesterday's tragedy felt it as deeply and keenly as if he had been a personal connection of their own. He had only been here a little while but his daring had made him well known, while his geniality had made him well-liked, and the shocking ending to the career of so young and clever a man will be regarded in Bombay as a distinct calamity.
+A terrible calamity was the outcome of Lieutenant Mansfield's balloon ascent yesterday. WHen at an altitude estimated by some at a thousand feet, the balloon from some unexplained cause collapsed like a pricked bladder and the astronaut, the parachute and the remains of the balloon descended with frightening rapidity, Mr. Mansfield himself being dashed to the earth with such tremendous force that the life left his crushed and mangled body within a few minutes of his descent. The announcement of his performance had drawn together some thousands of spectators, all of whom looked forward with the keenest expectancy to a most enjoyable display. Everything seemed propitious, and having regard to the thoroughness of all the arrangements, nothing but success was anticipated. No suspicion of failure entered the minds of anybody. But unhappily as already stated, the unforeseen happened. The terribly tragic termination of Lieut. Mansfield daring exploit has sent a thrill or horror throughout Bombay and it may be safely asserted that even as passive spectators participated in yesterday's tragedy felt it as deeply and keenly as if he had been a personal connection of their own. He had only been here a little while but his daring had made him well known, while his geniality had made him well-liked, and the shocking ending to the career of so young and clever a man will be regarded in Bombay as a distinct calamity.

←Older revision		Revision as of 11:53, 25 May 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	[[1891-]] from Phalke stories
		+
	Phalke moves to Ratlam and under the guidance of the Sessions Judge, P. Baburao Walawalkar, learns half-tone block process, photo litho, three colour printing, ceramic photography.		Phalke moves to Ratlam and under the guidance of the Sessions Judge, P. Baburao Walawalkar, learns half-tone block process, photo litho, three colour printing, ceramic photography.

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 --------
 December11, 1891.
-A terrible calamity ws the outcome of Lieutenant Mansfield's balloon ascent yesterday. WHen at an altitude estimated by some at a thousand feet, the balloon from some unexplained cause clolaaposed lke a pricked bladder and the astronaut, the parachute and the remains of the balloon descended with frightening rapidity, Mr. Mansfield himself being dashed to the earth with such tremendous force that the life left his crushed and mangled body within a few minutes of his descent. The announcement of his performance had drawn together some thousands of spectators, all of whom looked forward with the keenest expectancy to a most enjoyable display. Everything seemed propitious, and having regard to the thoroughness of all the arrangments, nothing but success was anticipated. No suspicion of failure entered the minds of anybody. But unhappily as already stated, the unforseen happened. The terribly tragic termination of Lieut. Mansfield daring exploit has sent a thrill or horror thoughout Bombay and it may be safely asserted that even as passive spectators participated in yesterday's tragedy felt it as deeply and keenly as if he had been a personal connection of their own. He had onlyu been here a little while but his daring had made him well known, while his geniality had made him well-liked, and the shocking ending to the career of so young and clever a man will be regarded in Bombay as a distinct calamity.
+A terrible calamity ws the outcome of Lieutenant Mansfield's balloon ascent yesterday. WHen at an altitude estimated by some at a thousand feet, the balloon from some unexplained cause collapsed like a pricked bladder and the astronaut, the parachute and the remains of the balloon descended with frightening rapidity, Mr. Mansfield himself being dashed to the earth with such tremendous force that the life left his crushed and mangled body within a few minutes of his descent. The announcement of his performance had drawn together some thousands of spectators, all of whom looked forward with the keenest expectancy to a most enjoyable display. Everything seemed propitious, and having regard to the thoroughness of all the arrangements, nothing but success was anticipated. No suspicion of failure entered the minds of anybody. But unhappily as already stated, the unforeseen happened. The terribly tragic termination of Lieut. Mansfield daring exploit has sent a thrill or horror throughout Bombay and it may be safely asserted that even as passive spectators participated in yesterday's tragedy felt it as deeply and keenly as if he had been a personal connection of their own. He had only been here a little while but his daring had made him well known, while his geniality had made him well-liked, and the shocking ending to the career of so young and clever a man will be regarded in Bombay as a distinct calamity.

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:31, 23 May 2009
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	[[Image:Page11.jpg]]		[[Image:Page11.jpg]]
	[http://www.phalkefactory.net/wiki/index.php?title=PHALKE_BOOK]		[http://www.phalkefactory.net/wiki/index.php?title=PHALKE_BOOK]
		+	--------------
		+	In the absence of easily available nude models and with the ascendancy of figurative drawing, young Indians in the art schools, aspiring to be 'gentleman painters' got used to drawing from British illustrations and photographs and prints from abroad.

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:48, 22 May 2009
Line 2:		Line 2:

	Two girls jump to death from Rajabai tower.		Two girls jump to death from Rajabai tower.
		+
		+	[[Image:Bombay university buildings 1870.jpg]]
		+	An image of the clock tower from the 1870's, the scaffoldings still in place

	--------		--------

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:44, 22 May 2009
Line 3:		Line 3:
	Two girls jump to death from Rajabai tower.		Two girls jump to death from Rajabai tower.

		+	--------
		+	VICTORIA GARDENS
		+	GRAND BALLOON ASCENT AND DESCENT in an entirely NEW WAR PARACHUTE
		+	BY
		+	LIEUTENANT MANSFIELD, R.N.R.
		+	ON THURSDAY, 10TH DECEMBER
		+	AT 4 P.M.
		+	BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT AND IN THE PRESENCE OF
		+	HIS EXCELLENCY THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
		+	LORD HARRIS
		+	G.C.I.E.
		+	GOVERNOR OF BOMBAY
		+
		+	Free admission for holder of Counterfoils of Tickets taken for the Amount of
		+	5th December, 1891.
		+
		+	ADMISSION FEES
		+
		+
		+	There will be no disappointment this time, the Company guranteeing to fill the balloon.
		+	Tickets may be had at Messrs.SOUNDY &Co., LTD., BEYNON and CO., SOUTHWELL AND AUSTIN>
		+	.... and at Mssrs. A. BHIGAJEE & Co., Apollo Bunder.
		+
		+	--------
		+	December11, 1891.
		+	A terrible calamity ws the outcome of Lieutenant Mansfield's balloon ascent yesterday. WHen at an altitude estimated by some at a thousand feet, the balloon from some unexplained cause clolaaposed lke a pricked bladder and the astronaut, the parachute and the remains of the balloon descended with frightening rapidity, Mr. Mansfield himself being dashed to the earth with such tremendous force that the life left his crushed and mangled body within a few minutes of his descent. The announcement of his performance had drawn together some thousands of spectators, all of whom looked forward with the keenest expectancy to a most enjoyable display. Everything seemed propitious, and having regard to the thoroughness of all the arrangments, nothing but success was anticipated. No suspicion of failure entered the minds of anybody. But unhappily as already stated, the unforseen happened. The terribly tragic termination of Lieut. Mansfield daring exploit has sent a thrill or horror thoughout Bombay and it may be safely asserted that even as passive spectators participated in yesterday's tragedy felt it as deeply and keenly as if he had been a personal connection of their own. He had onlyu been here a little while but his daring had made him well known, while his geniality had made him well-liked, and the shocking ending to the career of so young and clever a man will be regarded in Bombay as a distinct calamity.

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:57, 22 May 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	Phalke moves to Ratlam and under the guidance of the Sessions Judge, P. Baburao Walawalkar, learns half-tone block process, photo litho, three colour printing, ceramic photography.
		+
		+	Two girls jump to death from Rajabai tower.
		+
		+
		+
		+
	[[Image:Page11.jpg]]		[[Image:Page11.jpg]]
	[http://www.phalkefactory.net/wiki/index.php?title=PHALKE_BOOK]		[http://www.phalkefactory.net/wiki/index.php?title=PHALKE_BOOK]

←Older revision		Revision as of 04:33, 15 July 2006
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	[[Image:Page11.jpg]]
		+	[http://www.phalkefactory.net/wiki/index.php?title=PHALKE_BOOK]
		+
		+
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